“United States AI companies must be free to innovate without cumbersome regulation.”—President Donald Trump, Executive Order 14365
The era of small government is over.
Anyone who tells you differently is selling you a lie.
Case in point: Donald Trump promised to shrink the federal government.
But what if Trump’s pledge to cut the federal work force wasn’t really about eliminating government bureaucracy but outsourcing it to the AI tech sector?
What if Trump, with the backing of a self-serving industry eager to automate government, is instead helping to build a government that no longer needs as many human beings to operate it?
Hundreds of thousands of federal workers are disappearing from the government payroll at the same time that Washington is racing to automate the work they once performed with artificial intelligence.
Since Trump returned to office, the federal workforce has shrunk by more than 270,000 employees, the result of hiring freezes, deferred resignations, early retirements and reductions in force.
At the same time, the Trump administration has embraced an aggressive campaign to automate government operations, with the General Services Administration instructing agencies to “eliminate, optimize and automate“ their work wherever possible.
This is not a return to smaller government.
It is a dangerous recalibration of government power.
What we are watching unfold is the construction of a government that requires fewer human beings to carry out its will, fewer human beings to question its orders, and fewer human beings to stand in the way when efficiency collides with legality, morality or constitutional restraint.
That is the real danger of automating government.
Human beings hesitate. Human beings question. Human beings object. Human beings refuse. Human beings blow the whistle.
Machines do not hesitate. They do not object. They do not blow the whistle.
For the most part, machines do what they are programmed to do. Until they don’t.
For an administration increasingly impatient with legal restraints, institutional resistance and anyone who says “no,” that is not merely a technological convenience.
It is an authoritarian temptation.
Anyone who believes smaller government means less government power needs to think again, because a government run by machines is still government.
Likewise, a government without bureaucrats is not necessarily a government without bureaucracy.
It may simply be bureaucracy without human beings.
And bureaucracy without human beings may prove far more powerful, pervasive and difficult to restrain than anything that came before it.
What is taking shape is a government that may employ fewer human beings while possessing exponentially greater power to surveil, process, classify, investigate and control the population.
Indeed, the administration has now launched America.gov, an AI-powered centralized digital gateway through which Americans will eventually interact with federal agencies and complete government transactions. The White House boasts that it will allow the federal government to “do its own paperwork.”
AI can certainly reduce backlogs, simplify forms, process information and free workers from tedious tasks.
Certainly, artificial intelligence can help eliminate repetitive paperwork, reduce backlogs, identify waste, simplify complicated forms, translate government jargon into plain English, process enormous amounts of information and free human workers from tedious tasks.
The concern is not whether AI can be useful.
It can.
The danger begins when AI stops assisting human beings and starts replacing them—not merely as clerks but as decision-makers, investigators, gatekeepers, analysts and enforcers of government power.
Thus, the concern is not the technology itself but what happens when government begins using it to eliminate the human restraints that constitutional government depends upon.
We are rapidly moving from a society ruled by laws and due process to one ruled increasingly by software.
In such a regime, the law is no longer merely interpreted. It is executed. Automatically. Mechanically. At machine speed.
The result is a system in which government no longer governs. It processes.
Your application. Your tax return. Your disability claim. Your immigration status. Your face. Your movements. Your associations. Your financial transactions. Your government records request. Your threat profile.
Perhaps eventually your guilt or innocence.
And, if some military planners have their way, whether you qualify as a target.
This is where the supposed efficiency of artificial intelligence collides head-on with the Constitution.
Government is not a private corporation. Its purpose is not merely to become faster, cheaper or more productive. Government possesses powers that no corporation possesses. It can tax you. Search you. Arrest you. Imprison you. Seize your property. Monitor you. Restrict your liberty. And in extreme circumstances, take your life.
And in extreme circumstances, take your life.
When government exercises those powers, efficiency cannot be the highest value. Liberty must be.
Due process is inefficient. Search warrants are inefficient. Trials are inefficient. Appeals are inefficient. Human review is inefficient. Checks and balances are spectacularly inefficient.
They are supposed to be.
The Constitution deliberately places obstacles between government power and the individual.
Before the police may search your home, they generally need a warrant. Before the government may imprison you, it must give you an opportunity to challenge the accusations. Government power is deliberately divided so that one branch can restrain another.
All of that takes time.
All of that requires human beings.
All of that frustrates officials who would prefer to simply get things done.
Yet those safeguards are among the things standing between a free people and a government that can act instantly, universally and without meaningful resistance.
Artificial intelligence promises to cut through the delays, obstacles and human steps that slow government down.
That is marvelous if you’re trying to schedule an appointment. It is terrifying when the government is making decisions about your liberty—or your life.
For generations, government power was also constrained by manpower. There were only so many investigators, analysts and bureaucrats—and only so many hours in a day.
AI changes that equation.
By doing what the police state has historically lacked the manpower and resources to do quickly, AI surveillance is already reorienting our world into one in which freedom is increasingly difficult to recognize: it can be everywhere, watch everyone and everything, monitor, identify, catalogue, cross-check, cross-reference and collate enormous quantities of information.
The surveillance state no longer needs enough people to watch everyone. It needs enough computing power.
That distinction matters.
A human investigator can follow only so many people. An algorithm can analyze millions. A bureaucrat can make only so many decisions in a day. A machine can make millions without sleeping, hesitating or developing a conscience.
That allows government power—and government abuse—to operate on a scale the Founders could scarcely have imagined.
It also creates an enormous accountability problem.
For decades, critics of the administrative state have warned about unelected bureaucrats wielding excessive government power.
Replacing the bureaucrat with an algorithm does not solve that problem. It may make it worse.
At least the bureaucrat has a name. A human being can be questioned. A supervisor can At least the bureaucrat has a name. A human being can be questioned. A supervisor can intervene. An employee can refuse an unlawful order. A whistleblower can expose misconduct. Someone can be held responsible.
But what happens when government responds, in effect, that the computer made the decision? Who do you cross-examine? Who explains the reasoning? Who takes responsibility for the mistake? Who possesses the authority to override the machine? And what happens when the algorithm itself belongs not to the government but to a private corporation whose code, training data and internal workings are shielded from public scrutiny?
The government’s dependence on private technology companies only compounds the problem.
Government power remains government power, but accountability becomes privatized.
We are already seeing glimpses of this future.
Federal agencies are already experimenting with AI to review Freedom of Information Act requests and recommend which portions of government records should be withheld from the public. Customs and Border Protection is testing AI-assisted redaction tools, while other agencies are developing similar systems. Human reviewers are still involved, but the trajectory is unmistakable: tasks requiring judgment about what the public may know are increasingly becoming candidates for automation.
The stakes become far greater once AI moves from paperwork to policing and warfare.
Earlier this year, the Pentagon clashed with Anthropic, the company behind the Claude AI system, after Anthropic insisted on maintaining restrictions against two uses of its technology: mass domestic surveillance and fully autonomous weapons.
Anthropic warned that present AI systems are not reliable enough to independently decide when weapons should fire and argued that AI-powered mass surveillance could allow government to piece together enormous quantities of otherwise scattered information about Americans at unprecedented scale.
The Pentagon responded by designating Anthropic a supply-chain risk, a decision that has since become the subject of litigation.
The dispute should concern anyone who cares about the limits of government power.
The issue was not whether artificial intelligence could assist military personnel.
It was whether there must always remain a human being responsible for certain decisions.
That question became even more urgent in September, when the United States and Russia opposed provisions under discussion at the United Nations that would have required human review of AI-generated military targets and imposed stronger requirements concerning the predictability and reliability of autonomous weapons systems.
The consequences of that rush toward machine-speed warfare are no longer hypothetical.
In February, U.S. missiles struck the Shajarah Tayyebeh girls’ elementary school in Minab, Iran, killing more than 150 people, including at least 120 children.
The school had once been part of a military compound, but it had been operating openly as a school for years. Yet outdated intelligence still classified the site as a military target.
According to reporting on the Pentagon’s internal investigation, the flawed target was fed into Maven, the military’s AI-assisted targeting system. Officials reportedly relied too heavily on the technology to identify stale or contradictory intelligence while an accelerated targeting process compressed work that once took hours into minutes. At the same time, civilian-harm mitigation teams had been dramatically reduced.
The machine did not simply wake up one morning and decide to bomb a school. Human beings built a system that placed a premium on speed, automation and scale—and then gave it priority over human judgment and careful vetting.
That distinction matters. It is also precisely the danger.
Think about the progression: First AI does the paperwork. Then AI recommends the decision. Then AI makes the decision.
Eventually AI decides who lives and who dies.
At each step, humans remain tempted to surrender a little more judgment to the machine because it is faster, cheaper, more efficient and supposedly more objective.
Yet technology does not eliminate human bias, political agendas or government misconduct.
It can automate them. It can amplify them. It can conceal them behind a technological black box. And it can reproduce them millions of times before anyone realizes what has happened.
This is why assurances that AI companies can largely police themselves should provide little comfort.
At a White House gathering with technology executives on September 29, Trump praised what he called “tremendous self-policing” by the AI industry and joined major technology companies in announcing a voluntary safety accord emphasizing internal controls, outside audits and corporate oversight.
In other words, Trump wants us to trust the government and the AI sector to police itself.
The Founders knew better than to trust power to police itself. That is one of the central premises of the Constitution.
As James Madison famously observed in Federalist No. 51, “If men were angels, no government would be necessary.”
The Founders did not assume that those entrusted with power would always restrain themselves. They divided power among competing branches because they understood that good intentions are not a safeguard against tyranny. Neither are voluntary promises. Neither are corporate ethics policies. Neither are algorithms.
Machines are not angels. The corporations building them are not angels. The politicians deploying them are not angels. And artificial intelligence does not repeal the oldest lesson in the history of government: power requires limits because power will always seek to expand.
This is where the campaign to shrink the federal workforce takes on an entirely different significance.
There is nothing inherently wrong with reducing unnecessary government employment, eliminating waste or using technology to make public services work better.
The danger lies in confusing fewer government employees with less government.
A government can have fewer workers and still become vastly more powerful. It can automate surveillance. Automate investigations. Automate eligibility decisions. Automate regulatory enforcement. Automate censorship. Automate watchlists. Automate targeting. Automate punishment.
Indeed, a government freed from the practical limits imposed by manpower could become more pervasive than anything an earlier generation of bureaucrats could have achieved.
That is the paradox confronting us.
We may be building a smaller federal workforce and a larger government machine.
Trump will not be president forever. Neither will the politicians who come after him.
But the AI infrastructure being erected now—the databases, automated systems, surveillance capabilities, digital gateways and government relationships with technology companies—will be inherited by every future administration.
As I make clear in my book Battlefield America: The War on the American People and in its fictional counterpart The Erik Blair Diaries, once those powers become embedded in the machinery of government, they will be exceedingly difficult to dismantle.
That is why the debate over artificial intelligence cannot be reduced to whether AI creates jobs, destroys jobs, saves taxpayer money or makes government more convenient.
The greater question is what happens when fewer and fewer human beings stand between government power and the people subjected to it.
What happens when there is no human face behind the decision? No human judgment. No human hesitation. No human mercy. No human conscience.
No human being willing—or able—to say: this is wrong.
The great danger is not that artificial intelligence will suddenly seize control of the government. It is that government officials will willingly surrender more and more control to artificial intelligence because machines are faster, cheaper, more obedient and easier to blame.
That is how bureaucracy without bureaucrats becomes authoritarianism without accountability.
The government may employ fewer people. It may operate fewer offices. It may eliminate paperwork and automate entire agencies. But if it can watch more people, investigate more people, process more people, target more people and exercise more power over more lives than ever before, that is not smaller government.
It is government without human limits.
The Founders built the Constitution around a simple truth: power cannot be trusted to restrain itself.
That truth does not become obsolete because the machinery of power now runs on artificial intelligence. If anything, it becomes more urgent.
Because once we remove the human beings who can question, resist, object and refuse, we may discover too late that we have not eliminated the bureaucracy at all.
We have eliminated the brakes.
Source: https://tinyurl.com/ymj6uwyr
ABOUT JOHN W. WHITEHEAD
Constitutional attorney and author John W. Whitehead is founder and president of The Rutherford Institute. His most recent books are the best-selling Battlefield America: The War on the American People, the award-winning A Government of Wolves: The Emerging American Police State, and a debut dystopian fiction novel, The Erik Blair Diaries. Whitehead can be contacted at staff@rutherford.org. Nisha Whitehead is the Executive Director of The Rutherford Institute. Information about The Rutherford Institute is available at www.rutherford.org.
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